Papal resignation - Revision history

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	{\|{{Prettytable}}		{\|{{Prettytable}}
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|~~230â€“235~~		\|align="right"\|230-235
	\|width=15%\|[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Pontian St. Pontian]		\|width=15%\|[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Pontian St. Pontian]
	\|Eighteenth pope. Resigned when exiled to Sardinia.		\|Eighteenth pope. Resigned when exiled to Sardinia.
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|~~296â€“304~~ (?)		\|align="right"\|296-304 (?)
	\|[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09637d.htm Marcellinus]		\|[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09637d.htm Marcellinus]
	\|May have apostacized under persecution. Venerated as a martyr in later centuries. No clear record of a resignation or deposition.		\|May have apostacized under persecution. Venerated as a martyr in later centuries. No clear record of a resignation or deposition.
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|~~352â€“366~~		\|align="right"\|352-366
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]
	\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of Rome while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.		\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of Rome while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.
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	\|align="right"\|649-655		\|align="right"\|649-655
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]
	\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (~~649â€“655~~), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine emperor’s Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal Resignations — Part I."]</ref>		\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (649-655), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine emperor’s Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal Resignations — Part I."]</ref>
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	\|align="right"\|1009		\|align="right"\|1009
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	\|Monk, hermit, founder of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestines Celestines.] Resigned after five months. Imprisoned by his successor; died ten months later.		\|Monk, hermit, founder of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestines Celestines.] Resigned after five months. Imprisoned by his successor; died ten months later.
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|~~1406â€“1415~~		\|align="right"\|1406-1415
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII Gregory XII]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII Gregory XII]
	\| Forced to resign by the Council of Constance, which also set aside all other claimants to the papacy, preparing the way for the election of Pope Martin V and ending the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Schism "Western Schism" (1378-1418).]		\| Forced to resign by the Council of Constance, which also set aside all other claimants to the papacy, preparing the way for the election of Pope Martin V and ending the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Schism "Western Schism" (1378-1418).]

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	\|align="right"\|649-655		\|align="right"\|649-655
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]
	\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (649â€“655), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine emperor’s Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal ~~Resignationsâ€”Part~~ I."]</ref>		\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (649â€“655), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine emperor’s Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal Resignations — Part I."]</ref>
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|1009		\|align="right"\|1009

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	== News briefs ==		== News briefs ==
	:; From Light of the World, Benedict ~~XVIâ€™s~~ 2010 interview with Peter Seewald:		:; From Light of the World, Benedict XVI’s 2010 interview with Peter Seewald:

	:: Q: Have you thought of resigning?		:: Q: Have you thought of resigning?
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	:; Benedict XVI, from the Vatican, February 10, 2013		:; Benedict XVI, from the Vatican, February 10, 2013

	:: I have convoked you to this consistory, not only for the three canonizations, but also to communicate to you a decision of great importance for the life of the Church. After having repeatedly examined my conscience before God, ''I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry.'' I am well aware that this ministry, due to its essential spiritual nature, must be carried out not only with words and deeds, but no less with prayer and suffering. However, in ~~todayâ€™s~~ world, subject to so many rapid changes and shaken by questions of deep relevance for the life of faith, in order to govern the barque of St. Peter and proclaim the Gospel, both strength of mind and body are necessary, strength which, in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that '''I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.''' For this reason, and well aware of the seriousness of this act, with full freedom I declare that I renounce the ministry of Bishop of Rome, Successor of St. Peter, entrusted to me by the cardinals on April 19, 2005, in such a way, that as from Feb. 28, 2013, at 20:00 hours, the See of Rome, the See of St. Peter, will be vacant and a conclave to elect the new Supreme Pontiff will have to be convoked by those whose competence it is.		:: I have convoked you to this consistory, not only for the three canonizations, but also to communicate to you a decision of great importance for the life of the Church. After having repeatedly examined my conscience before God, ''I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry.'' I am well aware that this ministry, due to its essential spiritual nature, must be carried out not only with words and deeds, but no less with prayer and suffering. However, in today’s world, subject to so many rapid changes and shaken by questions of deep relevance for the life of faith, in order to govern the barque of St. Peter and proclaim the Gospel, both strength of mind and body are necessary, strength which, in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that '''I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.''' For this reason, and well aware of the seriousness of this act, with full freedom I declare that I renounce the ministry of Bishop of Rome, Successor of St. Peter, entrusted to me by the cardinals on April 19, 2005, in such a way, that as from Feb. 28, 2013, at 20:00 hours, the See of Rome, the See of St. Peter, will be vacant and a conclave to elect the new Supreme Pontiff will have to be convoked by those whose competence it is.

	:: Dear brothers, I thank you most sincerely for all the love and work with which you have supported me in my ministry, and I ask pardon for all my defects. And now, let us entrust the holy Church to the care of our Supreme Pastor, Our Lord Jesus Christ, and implore his holy Mother Mary, so that she may assist the cardinal fathers with her maternal solicitude in electing a new Supreme Pontiff. With regard to myself, '''I wish to also devotedly serve the holy Church of God in the future through a life dedicated to prayer.'''		:: Dear brothers, I thank you most sincerely for all the love and work with which you have supported me in my ministry, and I ask pardon for all my defects. And now, let us entrust the holy Church to the care of our Supreme Pastor, Our Lord Jesus Christ, and implore his holy Mother Mary, so that she may assist the cardinal fathers with her maternal solicitude in electing a new Supreme Pontiff. With regard to myself, '''I wish to also devotedly serve the holy Church of God in the future through a life dedicated to prayer.'''
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	\|align="right"\|649-655		\|align="right"\|649-655
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]
	\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (649â€“655), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine ~~emperorâ€™s~~ Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal Resignationsâ€”Part I."]</ref>		\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (649â€“655), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine emperor’s Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal Resignationsâ€”Part I."]</ref>
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|1009		\|align="right"\|1009

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History

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	\|align="right"\|1045		\|align="right"\|1045
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX Benedict IX]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX Benedict IX]
	\| Dissolute. Made pope three times. Sold the papacy to his godfather. One of the worst of the [[bad popes]].		\| Dissolute. Made pope three times, beginning at age 17. Sold the papacy to his uncle, who was also his godfather. One of the worst of the [[bad popes]].
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|1046		\|align="right"\|1046
	\| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI Gregory VI]		\| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI Gregory VI]
	\| Bribed Benedict IX to leave papacy. Persuaded to resign by a synod because of the suspicion of simony involved in bribing his ~~godson~~ to resign the papacy.		\| Bribed Benedict IX to leave papacy. Persuaded to resign by a synod because of the suspicion of simony involved in bribing his nephew to resign the papacy.
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|1294		\|align="right"\|1294

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History

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	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]
	\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of Rome while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.		\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of Rome while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.
			\|- valign="top"
			\|align="right"\|649-655
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I]
			\| "Martin I was abducted by Emperor Constans II and died in the Crimean peninsula. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_I St. Martin I.]</ref> "The one clear but odd case is that of St. Martin I (649â€“655), the last of the martyr popes. St. Martin refused to accept the Byzantine emperorâ€™s Monothelite heresy, and so was sent into exile as a slave laborer. After several years, the Romans elected Eugenius I pope. Sometime later Martin wrote a letter in which he makes reference to Eugenius approvingly. The details are unclear, but it does not seem to be the case that Martin resigned in any sort of formal manner. Rather, he seems to have retroactively acknowledged Eugenius. There is not enough clear evidence to make strong conclusions about this period."<ref>Andrew Jones, [http://scripturestudysoftware.com/2013/02/20/pope-benedict-xvi-and-the-history-of-papal-resignations-part-i/ "Pope Benedict XVI and the History of Papal Resignationsâ€”Part I."]</ref>
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|1009		\|align="right"\|1009

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History

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	\|align="right"\|1045		\|align="right"\|1045
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX Benedict IX]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX Benedict IX]
	\| Dissolute. Made pope three times. Sold the papacy to his godfather.		\| Dissolute. Made pope three times. Sold the papacy to his godfather. One of the worst of the [[bad popes]].
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
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News briefs

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	:: A: Yes. If a Pope clearly recognizes that he is no longer physically, psychologically, and spiritually capable of handling the duties of his office, then he has the right and, under some circumstances, also an obligation to resign.		:: A: Yes. If a Pope clearly recognizes that he is no longer physically, psychologically, and spiritually capable of handling the duties of his office, then he has the right and, under some circumstances, also an obligation to resign.

			:; Benedict XVI, from the Vatican, February 10, 2013

			:: I have convoked you to this consistory, not only for the three canonizations, but also to communicate to you a decision of great importance for the life of the Church. After having repeatedly examined my conscience before God, ''I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry.'' I am well aware that this ministry, due to its essential spiritual nature, must be carried out not only with words and deeds, but no less with prayer and suffering. However, in todayâ€™s world, subject to so many rapid changes and shaken by questions of deep relevance for the life of faith, in order to govern the barque of St. Peter and proclaim the Gospel, both strength of mind and body are necessary, strength which, in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that '''I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.''' For this reason, and well aware of the seriousness of this act, with full freedom I declare that I renounce the ministry of Bishop of Rome, Successor of St. Peter, entrusted to me by the cardinals on April 19, 2005, in such a way, that as from Feb. 28, 2013, at 20:00 hours, the See of Rome, the See of St. Peter, will be vacant and a conclave to elect the new Supreme Pontiff will have to be convoked by those whose competence it is.

			:: Dear brothers, I thank you most sincerely for all the love and work with which you have supported me in my ministry, and I ask pardon for all my defects. And now, let us entrust the holy Church to the care of our Supreme Pastor, Our Lord Jesus Christ, and implore his holy Mother Mary, so that she may assist the cardinal fathers with her maternal solicitude in electing a new Supreme Pontiff. With regard to myself, '''I wish to also devotedly serve the holy Church of God in the future through a life dedicated to prayer.'''

	:; Fr Federico Lombardi, SJ. [http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2013/02/pope-emeritus-101.html "Pope Emeritus 101."]		:; Fr Federico Lombardi, SJ. [http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2013/02/pope-emeritus-101.html "Pope Emeritus 101."]

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History

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	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|230â€“235		\|align="right"\|230â€“235
	\|[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Pontian St. Pontian]		\|width=15%\|[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Pontian St. Pontian]
	\|Eighteenth pope. Resigned when exiled to Sardinia.		\|Eighteenth pope. Resigned when exiled to Sardinia.
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"

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History

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	\|align="right"\|352â€“366		\|align="right"\|352â€“366
	\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]		\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]
	\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of ~~ROme~~ while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.		\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of Rome while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"
	\|align="right"\|1009		\|align="right"\|1009

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History

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	== History ==		== History ==
	~~Pope Pontian (230â€“235)~~

	~~Pope Marcellinus~~ (~~296â€“308~~)		{\|{{Prettytable}}
			\|- valign="top"
	~~Pope~~ Liberius (~~352â€“366~~)		\|align="right"\|230â€“235
			\|[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Pope_St._Pontian St. Pontian]
	~~Pope~~ John XVIII as ~~resigning office in 1009 and ending his life~~ as a monk.		\|Eighteenth pope. Resigned when exiled to Sardinia.
			\|- valign="top"
	~~Pope~~ Benedict IX ~~in 1045~~.		\|align="right"\|296â€“304 (?)
			\|[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09637d.htm Marcellinus]
	~~Pope~~ Gregory VI ~~1046~~		\|May have apostacized under persecution. Venerated as a martyr in later centuries. No clear record of a resignation or deposition.
			\|- valign="top"
	~~Pope~~ Celestine V ~~in 1294~~.		\|align="right"\|352â€“366
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Liberius Liberius]
	~~Pope~~ Gregory XII (~~1406â€“1415~~)		\| No direct record of a resignation. Indirect arguments offered. Felix II was elected bishop of ROme while Liberius was in exile due to Arian persecutions. However, Liberius returned to Rome, unseated Felix, and acted with vigor to undo concessions to the Arains that he (Liberius) had made while in exile.
			\|- valign="top"
	~~Pope~~ Benedict XVI ~~(2013)~~.		\|align="right"\|1009
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XVIII John XVIII]
			\|Recorded as having died as a monk at St. Paul's-outside-the-walls. This suggests either that he resigned or that he was forced out of office. There seem to be no direct accounts to clarify the matter.
			\|- valign="top"
			\|align="right"\|1045
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX Benedict IX]
			\| Dissolute. Made pope three times. Sold the papacy to his godfather.
			\|- valign="top"
			\|align="right"\|1046
			\| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI Gregory VI]
			\| Bribed Benedict IX to leave papacy. Persuaded to resign by a synod because of the suspicion of simony involved in bribing his godson to resign the papacy.
			\|- valign="top"
			\|align="right"\|1294
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V St. Celestine V]
			\|Monk, hermit, founder of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestines Celestines.] Resigned after five months. Imprisoned by his successor; died ten months later.
			\|- valign="top"
			\|align="right"\|1406â€“1415
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII Gregory XII]
			\| Forced to resign by the Council of Constance, which also set aside all other claimants to the papacy, preparing the way for the election of Pope Martin V and ending the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Schism "Western Schism" (1378-1418).]
			\|- valign="top"
			\|align="right"\|2013
			\|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_XVI Benedict XVI]
			\| Resigned of his own free will due to decline in vigor.
			\|}

	== Canon Law ==		== Canon Law ==