Papal election
- Successors to Peter originally chosen by the Roman church--clergy and laity.
- The right of the laity to refuse the person elected was abolished by a Synod held in the Lateran in 769, but restored to Roman noblemen by Pope Nicholas I during a Synod of Rome in 862.
- 1059: the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of electors. Cardinals are appointed by the Pope.
- Conclave refers to the fact that the Cardinals are locked into a building with "with a key" (cum clave) until they elect a new Pope. The rule dates from 1274 and was prompted by the Cardinals refusing to agree on a pope between 1268-1271.
- 1621: Gregory XV created the rules that are essentially still in use today.
- 1917: Only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed as Cardinals.
- 1971: electors limited to 120 (up from 70) cardinals under 80 years of age.
- 1996: John Paul II, apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis.
- Two-thirds plus one supermajority required for election.
- Two ballots in the morning, two in the afternoon.
- The ballots are burned after each vote.
- Dark smoke = no one elected.
- White smoke and bells (2005) = "Habemus papam!"
- 1958: abandonment of sealing wax on the ballots made it hard to tell the color of the smoke during the conclave that led to the election of John Paul XXIII.
References
Frontrunners
These are the top group listed in "Next Pope Betting Odds." I haven't got a dog in this fight. The only reason for compiling this list is so that I can understand who is being discussed in various and sundry commentaries.
| Name | Birth | Country | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson | 1948-10-11 | Ghana | President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace |
| Angelo Scola | 1941-11-07 | Italy | Archbishop of Milan |
| Marc Ouellet | 1944-06-08 | Canada | Archbishop emeritus of Tours |
| Tarcisio Bertone | 1934-12-02 | Italy | Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church |
| Leonardo Sandri | 1943-11-18 | Argentina | Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches |
| Angelo Bagnasco | 1943-02-14 | Italy | Archbishop of Genoa |
| Francis Arinze | Over 80. Won't be in the conclave. | ||
| Péter Erdo | 1952-06-25 | Hungary | Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest |
| Gianfranco Ravasi | 1942-10-18 | Italy | President of the Pontifical Council for Culture |
| Odilo Scherer | 1949-09-21 | Brazil | Archbishop of São Paulo |
| Christoph Schönborn | 1945-01-22 | Austria | Archbishop of Vienna |